Harvard Referencing Guide
Master Harvard citation style for academic writing
About Harvard Referencing
Harvard referencing is an author-date citation system widely used in UK universities and internationally. It consists of two main components:
In-Text Citations
Brief references within your text showing the author and year of publication.
Reference List
Complete bibliographic details of all sources cited, arranged alphabetically.
Harvard In-Text Citations
Basic Format:
(Author, Year) or (Author, Year, p. #)
Examples:
- Single Author: (Smith, 2023) or (Smith, 2023, p. 45)
- Two Authors: (Johnson and Brown, 2023)
- Three or More: (Wilson et al., 2023)
- No Author: (Report on Education, 2023)
- Multiple Sources: (Smith, 2023; Johnson, 2022)
Harvard Reference List Examples
Book:
Author, A.A. (Year) Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher.
Journal Article:
Author, A.A. (Year) 'Title of article', Journal Name, vol(issue), pp. start-end.
Website:
Author, A.A. (Year) 'Title of webpage', Website Name, Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
Newspaper Article:
Author, A.A. (Year) 'Title of article', Newspaper Name, date, p. page.
Harvard Formatting Rules
In-Text Citations:
- Use round brackets (parentheses)
- Separate author and year with comma
- Use 'p.' for single page, 'pp.' for page range
- Multiple authors: use 'and' not '&'
Reference List:
- Alphabetical by author surname
- Hanging indent for each entry
- Use italics for book/journal titles
- Single quotes for article titles
Harvard Style Checklist
- All sources cited in text appear in reference list
- Reference list is alphabetically ordered
- Consistent punctuation and formatting
- Proper use of italics and quotation marks
- Hanging indent for reference entries
- Complete bibliographic information
Automatic Harvard Referencing
Harvard referencing requires precise formatting and attention to detail. QuickAPA automatically formats your document according to Harvard referencing standards:
- Correct in-text citation format
- Properly formatted reference list
- Alphabetical ordering of references
- Hanging indent formatting
- Proper use of italics and punctuation
- Complete Harvard compliance checking